Environmental Resources Management (ERM) was commissioned by the Roads and Traffic Authority (RTA) to prepare a review of environmental factors (REF) for the upgrading and realignment of Main Road 220 between Palmers Lane and Wilderness Lane near Rothbury (Figure 1.1). This section of road is a single carriageway with substandard alignment and poor pavement condition. The overall objective of the proposal is to improve safety and efficiency of this section of road.